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| 1838 |
| | The Public Records Act creates the Public Record Office with headquarters in existing buildings on the Rolls Estate in Chancery Lane, in the City of London | |
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| 1840 |
| | Queen Victoria gives Kew Gardens to the nation, as a botanic garden of scientific importance | |
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| 1841-51 |
| | Sir William Hooker, the first Director of Kew Gardens, rents Brick Farm and re-names it West Park | |
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| c. 1844 |
| | Richard Turner wins the government contract to build a great new glasshouse in Kew Gardens, the Palm House, with Decimus Burton acting as architectural consultant. | |
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| 1845-1885 |
| | Under Sir William Hooker (director 1845--65) and his son Sir Joseph Hooker (director 1865--85) the botanic gardens are greatly increased in size, prestige and scientific excellence. | |
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| 1848 |
| | The Palm House, today "the world's most important surviving Victorian glass and iron structure" is completed. Although originally told to hide it among trees, Kew's director William Hooker succeeds in placing it in a prominent position, thanks to support from Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. | |
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| 1852 |
| | After the establishment of the Royal Botanical Gardens, a library and
herbarium is opened at Hunter’s House on north-west side of Kew Green. | |
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| 1858 |
| | The first block of a new building for the Public Record Office is completed in Chancery Lane, City of London, with further extensions added 1868-1899 | |
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| 1859 |
| | After a six-year campaign by Sir William Hooker, the government allocates £10,000 for a new conservatory - the Temperate House - to be built to designs by Decimus Burton. | |
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| 1860-1863 |
| | Work starts on the Temperate House (after the contractor William Cubitt has altered Burton's designs) and the main block and the octagons are completed by 1863. The government then halts the project because of severe cost overruns. | |
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